双星编队对空间非合作目标的仅测角跟踪方法

针对单星仅测角对目标跟踪误差较大和不良测量条件下跟踪精度下降的问题,提出利用编队卫星对非合作目标进行联合跟踪的方法。采用考虑地球非球形J2引力摄动的轨道动力学模型,建立多视线测量模型,融合编队卫星对目标的观测数据。然后,基于新息设计增益调节矩阵提高滤波器在测量故障条件下的鲁棒性。最后,建立仿真模型进行验证。仿真结果表明,相比单星跟踪,该方法的位置误差和速度误差分别减少了27.06%和26.96%。在系统存在异常量测时,相比常规滤波,该方法也具有更高的精确性和更好的鲁棒性。     

一种新型球副机构的设计及分析

提出一种新型球副机构,即1S机构。该机构由两个转动副和一个等效转动副组成,其运动功能等效为球副。1S机构可通过其变种构型增强刚度和增大运动角度。同时,以1S机构为基础,可构建N-S复合球副机构;与其他运动副进行复合,如移动副、额外的转动副等,可构建X-S机构。在复合铰链中,所有的运动副:(a)均具备相对独立的运动,(b)运动轴线均相交于一点,(c)理论上可包含无数个球副。为验证1S机构的刚度和运动精度,文中建立了其刚度模型、运动学模型、考虑刚度影响的修正的运动学模型以及运动精度模型。通过数值案例分析及仿真验证,表明该球副机构具备足够的刚度和运动精度。新型球副机构的应用之一则是用于3-R(SRS)RP多环机构中的SRS复合铰链,该铰链是基于X-S机构设计且具备7个自由度的运动链,使多环机构可以实现其运动功能。     

载人航天器柔性机械臂的动力学建模方法

空间机械臂在载人航天活动中有着迫切的应用需求。航天器尺寸、质量等因素的限制使得空间机械臂具有大柔性的特点。文章结合空间机械臂应用环境的特殊性,论述了空间柔性机械臂多体动力学和关节的动力学建模方法,分析比较了不同建模方法的特点。为了满足未来空间机械臂在航天器工程应用的要求,文章指出,空间柔性机械臂宜采用混合坐标法描述臂杆刚性运动与柔性变形的耦合;开展关节精细动力学研究,宜将重点放在齿轮传动系统的低速级上。     

大规模高速背板的信号完整性设计与仿真

本文首先从联合战术无线电系统的规模分析了设计大规模高速背板的必性,同时从信号完整性方面分析了高速背板设计中所面临的问题,包括反射、串扰、损耗与衰减、电源完整性等几个方面的机理及对PCB设计造成的不良影响,并针对这几个信号完整性问题给出了相应的PCB设计准则。其次,针对一款基于串行RapidlO高速总线的背板系统从PCB设计的层叠设计、布线设计、过孔设计等方面给出具体分析与设计方案。最后,通过Sigrity公司的PowerSI仿真软件、Synopsys公司的Hspice仿真软件和Quantum公司的QSI仿真软件进行信号完整性仿真和Ansofl公司的Siwave5．0仿真软件进行电源完整性仿真,通过仿真分析对PCB信号完整性进行验证与设计优化。     

复合材料层合板斜接式挖补修理稳定性分析

对复合材料层合板挖补修理模型进行了参数化的有限元计算,分析了挖补修理结构失稳载荷与
挖补角、胶层厚度以及铺层方式之间的关系,得到了最优挖补修理模型。结果表明,异种材料补片会显著提高
挖补修理结构的稳定性,在一定范围内,减小胶层也会改善挖补修理结构的稳定性。当胶层厚度在0. 15 ~
0． 25 mm 变化时,随着胶层厚度减小,挖补修理结构的稳定性增强;当铺层方式为[03 / ±45/ ±45/ 90]s 时,挖补
修理结构稳定性最强。     

胶-螺混合连接结构强度分析及影响因素研究

为深入分析胶-螺混合连接结构强度及影响因素,利用ABAQUS平台建立胶-螺混合连接三维渐进损伤模型,采用界面层损伤判据及退化方法来模拟胶层的损伤破坏。首先,将胶-螺混合连接结构强度分别与胶接结构、螺接结构强度进行对比,详细阐释胶-螺混合连接结构与胶接结构承载机理及胶接区应力分布形式;然后,分析讨论钉头形式及宽径比对混合连接结构强度和损伤形式的影响。结果表明：胶-螺混合连接结构强度优于胶接结构和螺接结构,并得到了可有效提高结构强度的钉头形式及最佳宽径比。     

对预成角薄板粘接接头强度及其应力分析

通过静力学实验研究了预成角对5052铝合金板材粘接接头强度的影响。对0°至15°预成型粘接接头进行强度对比研究,结果表明:被粘物搭接端的预成角对粘接接头承载能力有显著影响,预成角与接头强度呈抛物线关系,即5052铝合金预成型粘接接头存在最佳预成角,此时接头的强度最大,偏离最佳角度接头强度降低;预成角越大,接头的位移就越大,粘接接头的储能能力就越大。建立预成角粘接接头有限元模型,分析粘接层应力分布。结果表明:预成角对粘接中心层的劈裂应力和剪切应力影响明显。预成角增大,粘接层的应力单调增加,而胶瘤部分的应力集中先缓解后加剧,呈抛物线变化趋势。     

基于伴随式的分布式联合信源信道编码

提出一种基于伴随式(Syndrome)的具有抗差错性能的分布式联合信源信道编码方案.在不增加编码端复杂度的前提下,设计一种新的基于伴随式的编码器,使其同时具有压缩和抗差错的性能;其次,设计相应的译码器,并改进现有的联合译码算法,在译码中引入新的信息交互过程,提高了译码性能.仿真结果表明:该方案的性能优于现有的基于伴随式的分布式联合信源信道编码方案的性能,而且在信噪比较高时,该方案的性能也优于基于校验位(Parity)的分布式联合信源信道编码的性能.     

盘一盘螺栓连接结构模态频率分析

基于ANSYSWorkbench软件,采用层单元法和多点约束技术,模拟了盘一盘螺栓连接结构的螺栓预紧力,对其进行了模态分析,并与试验结果进行了比较。研究表明：采用层单元法模拟螺栓预紧力的模态结果与试验结果吻合较好,为在预紧力作用下螺栓连接结构模态频率的有限元计算提供了1种有效方法。     

Sweetpotato vine management for confined food production in a space life-support system

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) ‘Whatley–Loretan’ was developed for space life support by researchers at Tuskegee University for its highly productive, nutritious storage roots. This promising candidate space life-support crop has a sprawling habit and aggressive growth rate in favorable environments that demands substantial growing area. Shoot pruning is not a viable option for vine control because removal of the main shoot apex drastically inhibits storage-root initiation and development, and chemical growth retardants typically are not cleared for use with food crops. As part of a large effort by the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Advanced Life Support to reduce equivalent system mass (ESM) for food production in space, the dilemma of vine management for sweetpotato was addressed in effort to conserve growth area without compromising root yield. Root yields from unbranched vines trained spirally around wire frames configured either in the shapes of cones or cylinders were similar to those from vines trained horizontally along the bench, but occupying only a small fraction of the bench area. This finding indicates that sweetpotato is highly adaptable to a variety of vine-training architectures. Planting a second plant in the growth container and training the two vines in opposite directions around frames enhanced root yield and number, but had little effect on average length of each vine or bench area occupied. Once again, root yields were similar for both configurations of wire support frames. The 3–4-month crop-production cycles for sweetpotato in the greenhouse spanned all seasons of multiple years during the course of the study, and although electric lighting was used for photoperiod control and to supplement photosynthetic light during low-light seasons, there still were differences in total light available across seasons. Light variations and other environmental differences among experiments in the greenhouse had more effects on vine length than on root yield. Average vine length correlated positively with total hours of daylight received across seasons, and responses for one plant per container were higher above a threshold duration of solar exposure, suggesting that the vines of two plants per container compete for available light. In addition to the adaptability of sweetpotato to various vine-training architectures and across seasons in terms of maintaining root productivity, the open, interior volumes of the support frames tested in this study will provide future opportunity to enhance sweetpotato root yield in space by adding novel interior lighting, such as from intracanopy arrays of light-emitting diodes. This work was sponsored by NASA grant NAG 5 1286.